Sign in with Microsoft
Sign in or create an account.
Hello,
Select a different account.
You have multiple accounts
Choose the account you want to sign in with.
Examples of common formulas in lists

Using formulas in calculated columns in lists can help add to existing columns, such as calculating sales tax on a price. These can be combined to programmatically validate data. To add a calculated column, click + add column then select More.

Note: Calculated fields can only operate on their own row, so you can't reference a value in another row, or columns contained in another list or library. Lookup fields are not supported in a formula, and the ID of newly inserted row can't be used as the ID doesn't exist when the formula is processed.

When entering formulas, unless otherwise specified, there are no spaces between keywords and operators.

The following is not an exhaustive list. To view all formulas, see the alphabetical list at the end of this article.

Select a heading below to open it and see the detailed instructions. 

You can use the following formulas to test the condition of a statement and return a Yes or No value, to test an alternate value such as OK or Not OK, or to return a blank or dash to represent a null value.

Check if a number is greater than or less than another number

Use the IF function to perform this comparison.

Column1

Column2

Formula

Description (possible result)

15000

9000

=[Column1]>[Column2]

Is Column1 greater than Column2? (Yes)

15000

9000

=IF([Column1]<=[Column2], "OK", "Not OK")

Is Column1 less than or equal to Column2? (Not OK)

Return a logical value after comparing column contents

For a result that is a logical value (Yes or No), use the AND, OR, and NOT functions.

Column1

Column2

Column3

Formula

Description (possible result)

15

9

8

=AND([Column1]>[Column2], [Column1]<[Column3])

Is 15 greater than 9 and less than 8? (No)

15

9

8

=OR([Column1]>[Column2], [Column1]<[Column3])

Is 15 greater than 9 or less than 8? (Yes)

15

9

8

=NOT([Column1]+[Column2]=24)

Is 15 plus 9 not equal to 24? (No)

For a result that is another calculation, or any other value other than Yes or No, use the IF, AND, and OR functions.

Column1

Column2

Column3

Formula

Description (possible result)

15

9

8

=IF([Column1]=15, "OK", "Not OK")

If the value in Column1 equals 15, then return "OK". (OK)

15

9

8

=IF(AND([Column1]>[Column2], [Column1]<[Column3]), "OK", "Not OK")

If 15 is greater than 9 and less than 8, then return "OK". (Not OK)

15

9

8

=IF(OR([Column1]>[Column2], [Column1]<[Column3]), "OK", "Not OK")

If 15 is greater than 9 or less than 8, then return "OK". (OK)

Display zeroes as blanks or dashes

To display a zero, perform a simple calculation. To display a blank or a dash, use the IF function.

Column1

Column2

Formula

Description (possible result)

10

10

=[Column1]-[Column2]

Second number subtracted from the first (0)

15

9

=IF([Column1]-[Column2],"-",[Column1]-[Column2])

Returns a dash when the value is zero (-)

Hide error values in columns

To display a dash, #N/A, or NA in place of an error value, use the ISERROR function.

Column1

Column2

Formula

Description (possible result)

10

0

=[Column1]/[Column2]

Results in an error (#DIV/0)

10

0

=IF(ISERROR([Column1]/[Column2]),"NA",[Column1]/[Column2])

Returns NA when the value is an error

10

0

=IF(ISERROR([Column1]/[Column2]),"-",[Column1]/[Column2])

Returns a dash when the value is an error

Check for blank fields

You can use the ISBLANK formula to find blank fields.

Column1

Formula

Description (possible result)

"Jelly beans"

=ISBLANK([Column1]

Returns Yes or No if blank or not

"Steel"

=IF(ISBLANK([Column1]), "Not OK", "OK")

Fill in your own choices - first is if blank, second if not

For more IS functions, see IS functions.

You can use the following formulas to perform calculations that are based on dates and times, such as adding a number of days, months, or years to a date, calculating the difference between two dates, and converting time to a decimal value.

Add dates

To add a number of days to a date, use the addition (+) operator.

Note: When you manipulate dates, the return type of the calculated column must be set to Date and Time.

Column1

Column2

Formula

Description (result)

6/9/2007

3

=[Column1]+[Column2]

Adds 3 days to 6/9/2007 (6/12/2007)

12/10/2008

54

=[Column1]+[Column2]

Adds 54 days to 12/10/2008 (2/2/2009)

To add a number of months to a date, use the DATE, YEAR, MONTH, and DAY functions.

Column1

Column2

Formula

Description (result)

6/9/2007

3

=DATE(YEAR([Column1]),MONTH([Column1])+[Column2],DAY([Column1]))

Adds 3 months to 6/9/2007 (9/9/2007)

12/10/2008

25

=DATE(YEAR([Column1]),MONTH([Column1])+[Column2],DAY([Column1]))

Adds 25 months to 12/10/2008 (1/10/2011)

To add a number of years to a date, use the DATE, YEAR, MONTH, and DAY functions.

Column1

Column2

Formula

Description (result)

6/9/2007

3

=DATE(YEAR([Column1])+[Column2],MONTH([Column1]),DAY([Column1]))

Adds 3 years to 6/9/2007 (6/9/2010)

12/10/2008

25

=DATE(YEAR([Column1])+[Column2],MONTH([Column1]),DAY([Column1]))

Adds 25 years to 12/10/2008 (12/10/2033)

To add a combination of days, months, and years to a date, use the DATE, YEAR, MONTH, and DAY functions.

Column1

Formula

Description (result)

6/9/2007

=DATE(YEAR([Column1])+3,MONTH([Column1])+1,DAY([Column1])+5)

Adds 3 years, 1 month, and 5 days to 6/9/2007 (7/14/2010)

12/10/2008

=DATE(YEAR([Column1])+1,MONTH([Column1])+7,DAY([Column1])+5)

Adds 1 year, 7 months, and 5 days to 12/10/2008 (7/15/2010)

Calculate the difference between two dates

Use the DATEDIF function to perform this calculation.

Column1

Column2

Formula

Description (result)

01-Jan-1995

15-Jun-1999

=DATEDIF([Column1], [Column2],"d")

Returns the number of days between the two dates (1626)

01-Jan-1995

15-Jun-1999

=DATEDIF([Column1], [Column2],"ym")

Returns the number of months between the dates, ignoring the year part (5)

01-Jan-1995

15-Jun-1999

=DATEDIF([Column1], [Column2],"yd")

Returns the number of days between the dates, ignoring the year part (165)

Calculate the difference between two times

To present the result in the standard time format (hours:minutes:seconds), use the subtraction operator (-) and the TEXT function. For this method to work, hours must not exceed 24, and minutes and seconds must not exceed 60.

Column1

Column2

Formula

Description (result)

06/09/2007 10:35 AM

06/09/2007 3:30 PM

=TEXT([Column2]-[Column1],"h")

Hours between two times (4)

06/09/2007 10:35 AM

06/09/2007 3:30 PM

=TEXT([Column2]-[Column1],"h:mm")

Hours and minutes between two times (4:55)

06/09/2007 10:35 AM

06/09/2007 3:30 PM

=TEXT([Column2]-[Column1],"h:mm:ss")

Hours, minutes, and seconds between two times (4:55:00)

To present the result in a total that is based on one time unit, use the INT function, or HOUR, MINUTE, or SECOND function.

Column1

Column2

Formula

Description (result)

06/09/2007 10:35 AM

06/10/2007 3:30 PM

=INT(([Column2]-[Column1])*24)

Total hours between two times (28)

06/09/2007 10:35 AM

06/10/2007 3:30 PM

=INT(([Column2]-[Column1])*1440)

Total minutes between two times (1735)

06/09/2007 10:35 AM

06/10/2007 3:30 PM

=INT(([Column2]-[Column1])*86400)

Total seconds between two times (104100)

06/09/2007 10:35 AM

06/10/2007 3:30 PM

=HOUR([Column2]-[Column1])

Hours between two times, when the difference does not exceed 24 (4)

06/09/2007 10:35 AM

06/10/2007 3:30 PM

=MINUTE([Column2]-[Column1])

Minutes between two times, when the difference does not exceed 60 (55)

06/09/2007 10:35 AM

06/10/2007 3:30 PM

=SECOND([Column2]-[Column1])

Seconds between two times, when the difference does not exceed 60 (0)

Convert times

To convert hours from the standard time format to a decimal number, use the INT function.

Column1

Formula

Description (result)

10:35 AM

=([Column1]-INT([Column1]))*24

Number of hours since 12:00 AM (10.583333)

12:15 PM

=([Column1]-INT([Column1]))*24

Number of hours since 12:00 AM (12.25)

To convert hours from a decimal number to the standard time format (hours:minutes:seconds), use the division operator and the TEXT function.

Column1

Formula

Description (result)

23:58

=TEXT(Column1/24, "hh:mm:ss")

Hours, minutes, and seconds since 12:00 AM (00:59:55)

2:06

=TEXT(Column1/24, "h:mm")

Hours and minutes since 12:00 AM (0:05)

Insert Julian dates

A Julian date refers to a date format that is a combination of the current year and the number of days since the beginning of the year. For example, January 1, 2007, is represented as 2007001 and December 31, 2007, is represented as 2007365. This format is not based on the Julian calendar.

To convert a date to a Julian date, use the TEXT and DATEVALUE functions.

Column1

Formula

Description (result)

6/23/2007

=TEXT([Column1],"yy")&TEXT(([Column1]-DATEVALUE("1/1/"& TEXT([Column1],"yy"))+1),"000")

Date in Julian format, with a two-digit year (07174)

6/23/2007

=TEXT([Column1],"yyyy")&TEXT(([Column1]-DATEVALUE("1/1/"&TEXT([Column1],"yy"))+1),"000")

Date in Julian format, with a four-digit year (2007174)

To convert a date to a Julian date that is used in astronomy, use the constant 2415018.50. This formula only works for dates after 3/1/1901, and if you are using the 1900 date system.

Column1

Formula

Description (result)

6/23/2007

=[Column1]+2415018.50

Date in Julian format, used in astronomy (2454274.50)

Show dates as the day of the week

To convert dates to the text for the day of the week, use the TEXT and WEEKDAY functions.

Column1

Formula

Description (possible result)

19-Feb-2007

=TEXT(WEEKDAY([Column1]), "dddd")

Calculates the day of the week for the date and returns the full name of the day (Monday)

3-Jan-2008

=TEXT(WEEKDAY([Column1]), "ddd")

Calculates the day of the week for the date and returns the abbreviated name of the day (Thu)

You can use the following formulas to perform a variety of mathematical calculations, such as adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing numbers, calculating the average or median of numbers, rounding a number, and counting values.

Add numbers

To add numbers in two or more columns in a row, use the addition operator (+) or the SUM function.

Column1

Column2

Column3

Formula

Description (result)

6

5

4

=[Column1]+[Column2]+[Column3]

Adds the values in the first three columns (15)

6

5

4

=SUM([Column1],[Column2],[Column3])

Adds the values in the first three columns (15)

6

5

4

=SUM(IF([Column1]>[Column2], [Column1]-[Column2], 10), [Column3])

If Column1 is greater than Column2, adds the difference and Column3. Else add 10 and Column3 (5)

Subtract numbers

To subtract numbers in two or more columns in a row, use the subtraction operator (-) or the SUM function with negative numbers.

Column1

Column2

Column3

Formula

Description (result)

15000

9000

-8000

=[Column1]-[Column2]

Subtracts 9000 from 15000 (6000)

15000

9000

-8000

=SUM([Column1], [Column2], [Column3])

Adds numbers in the first three columns, including negative values (16000)

Calculate the difference between two numbers as a percentage

Use the subtraction (-) and division (/) operators and the ABS function.

Column1

Column2

Formula

Description (result)

2342

2500

=([Column2]-[Column1])/ABS([Column1])

Percentage change (6.75% or 0.06746)

Multiply numbers

To multiply numbers in two or more columns in a row, use the multiplication operator (*) or the PRODUCT function.

Column1

Column2

Formula

Description (result)

5

2

=[Column1]*[Column2]

Multiplies the numbers in the first two columns (10)

5

2

=PRODUCT([Column1], [Column2])

Multiplies the numbers in the first two columns (10)

5

2

=PRODUCT([Column1],[Column2],2)

Multiplies the numbers in the first two columns and the number 2 (20)

Divide numbers

To divide numbers in two or more columns in a row, use the division operator (/).

Column1

Column2

Formula

Description (result)

15000

12

=[Column1]/[Column2]

Divides 15000 by 12 (1250)

15000

12

=([Column1]+10000)/[Column2]

Adds 15000 and 10000, and then divides the total by 12 (2083)

Calculate the average of numbers

The average is also called the mean. To calculate the average of numbers in two or more columns in a row, use the AVERAGE function.

Column1

Column2

Column3

Formula

Description (result)

6

5

4

=AVERAGE([Column1], [Column2],[Column3])

Average of the numbers in the first three columns (5)

6

5

4

=AVERAGE(IF([Column1]>[Column2], [Column1]-[Column2], 10), [Column3])

If Column1 is greater than Column2, calculate the average of the difference and Column3. Else calculate the average of the value 10 and Column3 (2.5)

Calculate the median of numbers

The median is the value at the center of an ordered range of numbers. Use the MEDIAN function to calculate the median of a group of numbers.

A

B

C

D

E

F

Formula

Description (result)

10

7

9

27

0

4

=MEDIAN(A, B, C, D, E, F)

Median of numbers in the first 6 columns (8)

Calculate the smallest or largest number in a range

To calculate the smallest or largest number in two or more columns in a row, use the MIN and MAX functions.

Column1

Column2

Column3

Formula

Description (result)

10

7

9

=MIN([Column1], [Column2], [Column3])

Smallest number (7)

10

7

9

=MAX([Column1], [Column2], [Column3])

Largest number (10)

Count values

To count numeric values, use the COUNT function.

Column1

Column2

Column3

Formula

Description (result)

Apple

12/12/2007

=COUNT([Column1], [Column2], [Column3])

Counts the number of columns that contain numeric values. Excludes date and time, text, and null values (0)

$12

#DIV/0!

1.01

=COUNT([Column1], [Column2], [Column3])

Counts the number of columns that contain numeric values, but excludes error and logical values (2)

Increase or decrease a number by a percentage

Use the percent (%) operator to perform this calculation.

Column1

Column2

Formula

Description (result)

23

3%

=[Column1]*(1+5%)

Increases number in Column1 by 5% (24.15)

23

3%

=[Column1]*(1+[Column2])

Increases number in Column1 by the percent value in Column2: 3% (23.69)

23

3%

=[Column1]*(1-[Column2])

Decreases number in Column1 by the percent value in Column2: 3% (22.31)

Raise a number to a power

Use the exponentiation operator (^) or the POWER function to perform this calculation.

Column1

Column2

Formula

Description (result)

5

2

=[Column1]^[Column2]

Calculates five squared (25)

5

3

=POWER([Column1], [Column2])

Calculates five cubed (125)

Round a number

To round up a number, use the ROUNDUP, ODD, or EVEN function.

Column1

Formula

Description (result)

20.3

=ROUNDUP([Column1],0)

Rounds 20.3 up to the nearest whole number (21)

-5.9

=ROUNDUP([Column1],0)

Rounds -5.9 up to the nearest whole number (-5)

12.5493

=ROUNDUP([Column1],2)

Rounds 12.5493 up to the nearest hundredth, two decimal places (12.55)

20.3

=EVEN([Column1])

Rounds 20.3 up to the nearest even number (22)

20.3

=ODD([Column1])

Rounds 20.3 up to the nearest odd number (21)

To round down a number, use the ROUNDDOWN function.

Column1

Formula

Description (result)

20.3

=ROUNDDOWN([Column1],0)

Rounds 20.3 down to the nearest whole number (20)

-5.9

=ROUNDDOWN([Column1],0)

Rounds -5.9 down to the nearest whole number (-6)

12.5493

=ROUNDDOWN([Column1],2)

Rounds 12.5493 down to the nearest hundredth, two decimal places (12.54)

To round a number to the nearest number or fraction, use the ROUND function.

Column1

Formula

Description (result)

20.3

=ROUND([Column1],0)

Rounds 20.3 down, because the fraction part is less than .5 (20)

5.9

=ROUND([Column1],0)

Rounds 5.9 up, because the fraction part is greater than .5 (6)

-5.9

=ROUND([Column1],0)

Rounds -5.9 down, because the fraction part is less than -.5 (-6)

1.25

=ROUND([Column1], 1)

Rounds the number to the nearest tenth (one decimal place). Because the portion to be rounded is 0.05 or greater, the number is rounded up (result: 1.3)

30.452

=ROUND([Column1], 2)

Rounds the number to the nearest hundredth (two decimal places). Because the portion to be rounded, 0.002, is less than 0.005, the number is rounded down (result: 30.45)

To round a number to the significant digit above 0, use the ROUND, ROUNDUP, ROUNDDOWN, INT, and LEN functions.

Column1

Formula

Description (result)

5492820

=ROUND([Column1],3-LEN(INT([Column1])))

Rounds the number to 3 significant digits (5490000)

22230

=ROUNDDOWN([Column1],3-LEN(INT([Column1])))

Rounds the bottom number down to 3 significant digits (22200)

5492820

=ROUNDUP([Column1], 5-LEN(INT([Column1])))

Rounds the top number up to 5 significant digits (5492900)

You can use the following formulas to manipulate text, such as combining or concatenating the values from multiple columns, comparing the contents of columns, removing characters or spaces, and repeating characters.

Change the case of text

To change the case of text, use the UPPER, LOWER, or PROPER function.

Column1

Formula

Description (result)

nina Vietzen

=UPPER([Column1])

Changes text to uppercase (NINA VIETZEN)

nina Vietzen

=LOWER([Column1])

Changes text to lowercase (nina vietzen)

nina Vietzen

=PROPER([Column1])

Changes text to title case (Nina Vietzen)

Combine first and last names

To combine first and last names, use the ampersand operator (&) or the CONCATENATE function.

Column1

Column2

Formula

Description (result)

Carlos

Carvallo

=[Column1]&[Column2]

Combines the two strings (CarlosCarvallo)

Carlos

Carvallo

=[Column1]&" "&[Column2]

Combines the two strings, separated by a space (Carlos Carvallo)

Carlos

Carvallo

=[Column2]&", "&[Column1]

Combines the two strings, separated by a comma and a space (Carvallo, Carlos)

Carlos

Carvallo

=CONCATENATE([Column2], ",", [Column1])

Combines the two strings, separated by a comma (Carvallo,Carlos)

Combine text and numbers from different columns

To combine text and numbers, use the CONCATENATE function, the ampersand operator (&), or the TEXT function and the ampersand operator.

Column1

Column2

Formula

Description (result)

Yang

28

=[Column1]&" sold "&[Column2]&" units."

Combines contents above into a phrase (Yang sold 28 units.)

Dubois

40%

=[Column1]&" sold "&TEXT([Column2],"0%")&" of the total sales."

Combines contents above into a phrase (Dubois sold 40% of the total sales.)

Note: The TEXT function appends the formatted value of Column2 instead of the underlying value, which is .4.

Yang

28

=CONCATENATE([Column1]," sold ",[Column2]," units.")

Combines contents above into a phrase (Yang sold 28 units.)

Combine text with a date or time

To combine text with a date or time, use the TEXT function and the ampersand operator (&).

Column1

Column2

Formula

Description (result)

Billing Date

5-Jun-2007

="Statement date: "&TEXT([Column2], "d-mmm-yyyy")

Combines text with a date (Statement date: 5-Jun-2007)

Billing Date

5-Jun-2007

=[Column1]&" "&TEXT([Column2], "mmm-dd-yyyy")

Combines text and date from different columns into one column (Billing Date Jun-05-2007)

Compare column contents

To compare one column to another column or a list of values, use the EXACT and OR functions.

Column1

Column2

Formula

Description (possible result)

BD122

BD123

=EXACT([Column1],[Column2])

Compares contents of first two columns (No)

BD122

BD123

=EXACT([Column1], "BD122")

Compares contents of Column1 and the string "BD122" (Yes)

Check if a column value or a part of it matches specific text

To check if a column value or a part of it matches specific text, use the IF, FIND, SEARCH, and ISNUMBER functions.

Column1

Formula

Description (possible result)

Vietzen

=IF([Column1]="Vietzen", "OK", "Not OK")

Checks to see if Column1 is Vietzen (OK)

Vietzen

=IF(ISNUMBER(FIND("v",[Column1])), "OK", "Not OK")

Checks to see if Column1 contains the letter v (OK)

BD123

=ISNUMBER(FIND("BD",[Column1]))

Checks to see if Column1 contains BD (Yes)

Count nonblank columns

To count nonblank columns, use the COUNTA function.

Column1

Column2

Column3

Formula

Description (result)

Sales

19

=COUNTA([Column1], [Column2])

Counts the number of nonblank columns (2)

Sales

19

=COUNTA([Column1], [Column2], [Column3])

Counts the number of nonblank columns (2)

Remove characters from text

To remove characters from text, use the LEN, LEFT, and RIGHT functions.

Column1

Formula

Description (result)

Vitamin A

=LEFT([Column1],LEN([Column1])-2)

Returns 7 (9-2) characters, starting from left (Vitamin)

Vitamin B1

=RIGHT([Column1], LEN([Column1])-8)

Returns 2 (10-8) characters, starting from right (B1)

Remove spaces from the beginning and end of a column

To remove spaces from a column, use the TRIM function.

Column1

Formula

Description (result)

 Hello there!

=TRIM([Column1])

Removes the spaces from the beginning and end (Hello there!)

Repeat a character in a column

To repeat a character in a column, use the REPT function.

Formula

Description (result)

=REPT(".",3)

Repeats a period 3 times (...)

=REPT("-",10)

Repeats a dash 10 times (----------)

Alphabetical list of functions

The following is an alphabetical list of links to functions available to SharePoint users. It includes trigonometric, statistical, and financial functions, as well as conditional, date, math, and text formulas.

ABS function

ACOS function

ACOSH function

AND function

ASIN function

ASINH function

ATAN function

ATAN2 function

AVERAGE function

AVERAGEA function

BETADIST function

BETAINV function

BINOMDIST function

CEILING function

CHAR function

CHIDIST function

CHOOSE function

CODE function

CONCATENATE function

CONFIDENCE function

COS function

COUNT function

COUNTA function

CRITBINOM function

DATE function

DATEDIF function

DATEVALUE function

DAY function

DAYS360 function

DDB function

DEGREES function

DOLLAR function

EVEN function

EXACT function

EXPONDIST function

FACT function

FDIST function

FIND function

FINV function

FISHER function

FIXED function

GAMMADIST function

GAMMAINV function

GAMMALN function

GEOMEAN function

HARMEAN function

HOUR function

HYPGEOMDIST function

IF function

INT function

IPmt Function

IS functions

LEFT function

LEN function

LN function

Log Function

LOG10 function

LOGINV function

LOGNORMDIST function

LOWER function

MAX function

Me function

MEDIAN function

MID function

MIN function

MINA function

MINUTE function

MOD function

MONTH function

NEGBINOMDIST function

NORMDIST function

NORMSDIST function

NORMSINV function

NOT function

NPER function

NPV function

ODD function

OR function

PMT function

POWER function

PPMT function

PRODUCT function

PROPER function

PV function

RADIANS function

REPLACE function

REPT function

RIGHT function

ROUND function

ROUNDDOWN function

ROUNDUP function

SEARCH function

SECOND function

SIGN function

SIN function

SINH function

SQRT function

STANDARDIZE function

STDEVA function

STDEVP function

STDEVPA function

SUM function

SUMSQ function

SYD function

TANH function

TDIST function

TEXT function

TIME function

TINV function

TODAY function

TRIM function

TRUE function

UPPER function

USDOLLAR function

VALUE function

VAR function

VARA function

VARP function

VARPA function

Weekday Function

WEIBULL function

YEAR function

Other resources

If you don't see what you are trying to do here, see if you can do it in Excel. Here are some additional sources. Some of these may cover older versions, so there can be differences in the user interface shown. For example, items on the Site Actions menu in SharePoint are now on the Settings Office 365 setttings button - looks like a gear next to your name menu.

Need more help?

Want more options?

Explore subscription benefits, browse training courses, learn how to secure your device, and more.

Communities help you ask and answer questions, give feedback, and hear from experts with rich knowledge.

Was this information helpful?

What affected your experience?
By pressing submit, your feedback will be used to improve Microsoft products and services. Your IT admin will be able to collect this data. Privacy Statement.

Thank you for your feedback!

×