Comparison of Microsoft Access SQL and ANSI SQL

Major Differences

• Microsoft Access SQL and ANSI SQL each have different reserved words and data types. Using the Microsoft OLE DB Provider, there are additional reserved words.

• Different rules apply to the Between...And construct, which has the following syntax:

  expr1 [NOT] Between value1 And value2

  In Microsoft Access SQL, value1 can be greater than value2; in ANSI SQL, value1 must be equal to or less than value2.

• Microsoft Access SQL supports both ANSI SQL wildcard characters and Microsoft Access-specific wildcard characters to use with the Like operator. The use of the ANSI and Microsoft Access wildcard characters is mutually exclusive. You must use one set or the other and cannot mix them. The ANSI SQL wildcards are only available when using the Microsoft Access database engine and the Microsoft Access OLE DB Provider. If you try to use the ANSI SQL wildcards through Access or DAO, then they will be interpreted as literals.

  Matching character	Microsoft Access SQL	ANSI SQL
  Any single character	?	_ (underscore)
  Zero or more characters	*	%

• Microsoft Access SQL is generally less restrictive. For example, it permits grouping and ordering on expressions.

• Microsoft Access SQL supports more powerful expressions.

Enhanced Features of Microsoft Access SQL

Microsoft Access SQL provides the following enhanced features:

The TRANSFORM statement, which provides support for crosstab queries.

• Additional SQL Aggregate Functions , such as StDev and VarP.

The PARAMETERS declaration for defining parameter queries.

ANSI SQL Features Not Supported in Microsoft Access SQL

Microsoft Access SQL does not support the following ANSI SQL features:

• DISTINCT aggregate function references. For example, Microsoft Access SQL does not allow SUM(DISTINCT columnname).

• The LIMIT TO nn ROWS clause used to limit the number of rows returned by a query. You can use only the WHERE clause to limit the scope of a query.